US Navy Heavy and Light Cruisers: USS Brooklyn (CL-40), USS Philadelphia (CL-41), USS Savannah (CL-42), USS Nashville (CL-43), USS Vincennes (CL-44), USS Wichita (CA-45), USS Phoenix (CL-46), USS Boise (CL-47), USS Honolulu (CL-48), USS St. Louis (CL-49), USS Helena (CL-50)

US Navy Heavy and Light Cruisers: USS Brooklyn (CL-40), USS Philadelphia (CL-41), USS Savannah (CL-42), USS Nashville (CL-43), USS Vincennes (CL-44), USS Wichita (CA-45), USS Phoenix (CL-46), USS Boise (CL-47), USS Honolulu (CL-48), USS St. Louis (CL-49), USS Helena (CL-50)

London Naval Treaty

The terms of the 1930 London Naval Treaty motivated the signatories to de-emphasize heavy cruiser construction in favor of light cruisers. The resultant nine ship Brooklyn-class of light cruisers had a strong influence on US cruiser design. Nearly all subsequent US cruisers, heavy and light, were directly or indirectly based on them, including the unique heavy cruiser Wichita. (Wikipedia)

Brooklyn class

(CL-40) Brooklyn (1937) – WW2: 4 battle stars, later Chilean O’Higgins.
(CL-41) Philadelphia (1937) – WW2: 5 battle stars, later Brazilian Barroso.
(CL-42) Savannah (1938) – WW2: 3 battle stars.
(CL-43) Nashville (1938) – WW2: 10 battle stars, later Chilean Capitan Prat.

New Orleans class

(CA-44) Vincennes (1937) – WW2: 2 battle stars, sunk by gunfire and torpedoes 9 August 1942, 332 killed.

Wichita class

(CA-45) Wichita (1939) – WW2: 13 battle stars.

Brooklyn class

(CL-46) Phoenix (1938) – WW2: 11 battle stars, later ARA General Belgrano.
(CL-47) Boise (1938) – WW2: 11 battle stars, later ARA Nueve de Julio.
(CL-48) Honolulu (1938) – WW2: 8 battle stars.

Brooklyn class (St. Louis subclass)

(CL-49) St. Louis (1939) – WW2: 11 battle stars, later Brazilian Almirante Tamandaré.
(CL-50) Helena (1939) – WW2: 7 battle stars, war loss 6 July 1943, 168 killed.

USS Brooklyn (CL-40)

(USN Photo)

USS Brooklyn (CL-40) in the Hudson River, off New York City, in 1939.

USS Brooklyn (CL-40) was a light cruiser, the lead ship of her class of nine, and the third United States Navy ship to bear its name. Commissioned in 1937, she served in the Atlantic during the Second World War, as a convoy escort and as fire support for amphibious landings. Decommissioned in 1947, she was transferred to the Chilean Navy in 1951, where she served for another 40 years. She sank under tow to a scrapyard in 1992. (Wikipedia)

USS Philadelphia (CL-41)

(USN Photo)

USS Philadelphia (CL-41) off New York City on 26 April 1943.

USS Philadelphia (CL-41) was a Brooklyn-class light cruiser of the United States Navy. She was the fifth ship named for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[5] In 1951, she was sold to Brazil and commissioned into the Brazilian Navy as Almirante Barroso.

(USN Photo)

USS Philadelphia (CL-41) in New York Harbor (USA), 26 April 1943.

USS Savannah (CL-42)

(USN Photo)

USS Nashville (CL-43)

(USN Photo)

USS Nashville (CL-43) off the Mare Island Naval Shipyard, California, on 4 August 1943.

USS Nashville (CL-43) was a Brooklyn-class cruiser. She was laid down on 24 January 1935 by New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey. She was launched on 2 October 1937, sponsored by Misses Ann and Mildred Stahlman and commissioned on 6 June 1938.

(USN Photo)

USS Vincennes (CL-44)

(USN Photo)

USS Vincennes (CA-44) passing through the Panama Canal on 6 January 1938, while en route to join the U.S. Pacific Fleet. Note the crewmen on her deck, watching the airplane from which the photograph was taken.

USS Vincennes (CL/CA-44) was a United States Navy New Orleans-class cruiser, sunk at the Battle of Savo Island in 1942. She was the second ship to bear the name. She was laid down on 2 January 1934 at Quincy, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company’s Fore River plant, launched on 21 May 1936, sponsored by Miss Harriet Virginia Kimmell (daughter of Joseph Kimmell, mayor of Vincennes, Indiana), and commissioned on 24 February 1937, Captain Burton H. Green in command.

The New Orleans-class cruisers were the last U.S. cruisers built to the specifications and standards of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. Such ships, with a limit of 10,000 tons standard displacement and 8-inch caliber main guns may be referred to as “treaty cruisers.” Originally classified a light cruiser when she was authorized, because of her thin armor, Vincennes was reclassified a heavy cruiser, because of her 8-inch guns. The term “heavy cruiser” was not defined until the London Naval Treaty in 1930. This ship and Quincy were a slightly improved version of the New Orleans-class design. (Wikipedia)

(USN Photo)

USS Vincennes (CA-44)  during trials off Rockland, Maine, 12 January 1937.

(USN Photo)

USS Vincennes on her trials, off Rockland, Maine, on 13 January 1937.

(USN Photo)

USS Vincennes (CA-44) at Pearl Harbor, circa 26-28 May 1942, prior to departing to take part in the Battle of Midway. A Curtiss SOC Seagull floatplane is in the left foreground.

(USN Photo)

USS Vincennes (CA-44) underway during tactical exercises in Hawaiian waters, 8 July 1942.

USS Wichita (CA-45)

(USN Photo)

USS Wichita (CA-45) operating with the British Home Fleet, in the vicinity of Scapa Flow, Scotland (UK), 22 April 1942.

USS Wichita (CA-45) was a unique heavy cruiser of the United States Navy built in the 1930s. The last American cruiser designed to meet the limits of the London Naval Treaty, she was originally intended to be a New Orleans-class heavy cruiser, accordingly with the maximum main armament of three triple 8-inch (203 mm) gun turrets. These were instead placed on an improved hull derived from the Brooklyn-class light cruisers, with increased armor. This design would go on to form the basis for the later World War II–era heavy cruisers such as the Baltimore class. The ship was authorized by the 1929 Cruiser Act, laid down at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in October 1935, launched in November 1937, and commissioned into the US Navy in February 1939.

Following her commissioning, Wichita was assigned to neutrality patrols in the Atlantic. After the United States entered World War II, the ship saw heavy service throughout the conflict. She was first assigned to convoy escort duty on the Murmansk Run in early 1942, and supported amphibious landings during Operation Torch in November 1942. During the Naval Battle of Casablanca, Wichita engaged several French coastal batteries and warships, including the battleship Jean Bart. In 1943, Wichita was transferred to the Pacific Theater, where she remained for the rest of the war. She frequently provided antiaircraft defense for the Fast Carrier Task Force during operations in the central Pacific, including the Battles of the Philippine Sea and Leyte Gulf in 1944. During the latter engagement, Wichita assisted in the sinking of the Japanese aircraft carrier Chiyoda.

Wichita was heavily engaged during the invasion of Okinawa, where she provided heavy gunfire support to ground troops ashore. After the Japanese surrender, the ship served as part of the occupation force in Japan and assisted in the repatriation of American military personnel under Operation Magic Carpet. After returning to the United States, she was decommissioned and placed in the “mothball” fleet in 1947. She remained in reserve until 1959, when she was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register and sold for scrapping in August 1959. (Wikipedia)

(USN Photo)

USS Wichita (CA-45) operating in the Atlantic Ocean, out of Norfolk, Virginia (USA), on 1 May 1940. Note the markings on her turret tops (bars on the forward turrets, a circle on the after turret). These scheme was used on several other heavy cruisers in 1939-40.

(USN Photo)

USS Wichita (CA-45) rides out a winter storm off Iceland in mid-January 1942. Note the Consolidated PBY Catalina patrol plane on the deck of the seaplane tender from which the photograph was taken. The ship in the foreground may be USS Albemarle (AV-5).

(USN Photo)

USS Wichita (CA-45) at anchor in Scapa Flow, Scotland (UK), in April 1942. The aircraft carrier USS Wasp (CV-7) is in the background.

USS Phoenix (CL-46)

(USN Photo)

USS Phoenix (CL-46) steams down the channel at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, off Ford Island’s Battleship Row, past the sunken and burning battleships USS West Virginia (BB-48), at left, and USS Arizona (BB-39), at right, 7 December 1941.

USS Phoenix (CL-46) was a light cruiser of the Brooklyn class. She was the third Phoenix of the United States Navy. After the Second War the ship was transferred to Argentina in 1951 and was named General Belgrano in 1956. General Belgrano was sunk during the Falklands War in 1982 by the British submarine HMS Conqueror.

She was laid down on 15 April 1935 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey; launched on 13 March 1938; sponsored by Mrs. Dorothea Kays Moonan; and commissioned at Philadelphia Navy Yard on 3 October 1938. Her name was in honour of the capital city of the state of Arizona. (Wikipedia)

USS Boise (CL-47)

(USN Photo)

USS Boise (CL-47) underway during trials in 1938.

USS Boise (CL-47) was a light cruiser of the Brooklyn class in the United States Navy. The cruiser was named for Boise, the capital city of the state of Idaho. Commissioned in 1938, she saw extensive service during the Second World War, taking part in fighting in the Mediterranean and Pacific theaters. Following the war the ship was decommissioned in 1946 and lay idle until sold to Argentina in 1951. Renamed ARA Nueve de Julio, the ship remained in service with the Argentinian Navy until 1978, after which she was taken to Brownsville, Texas and scrapped in 1983. (Wikipedia)

(USN Photo)

USS Boise (CL-47) arrives at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Pennsylvania (USA), in November 1942 for repair of battle damage received during the 11-12 October Battle of Cape Esperance. Note the forward 6″/47 triple gun turret trained to starboard. It was jammed in this position during the action, when a Japanese 8″ shell hit the armored barbette just below the turret.

(USN Photo)

USS Boise (CL-47) shelling the coast of New Guinea in early 1944. The photo is dated 10 February 1944, but may have been taken during the Madang-Alexishafen bombardment of 25-26 January 1944. This view looks forward on the starboard side from the midships 20mm gun gallery. Note tracers, which appear several feet in front of gun muzzles. Those from the four starboard side 5/25 guns have a higher trajectory than the tracers fired from the forward 6/47 gun turrets. Tracers from the 6-inch guns appear to wobble slightly.

USS Honolulu (CL-48)

(USN Photo)

USS Honolulu (CL-48) underway at sea on 9 February 1939.

USS Honolulu (CL-48) of the United States Navy was a Brooklyn-class light cruiser active in the Pacific War. Honolulu was launched in 1937 and commissioned in 1938. She was the only cruiser to survive the Battle of Tassafaronga undamaged. Honolulu later served in the Battle of Kula Gulf, where she wrecked the destroyer Nagatsuki and helped to sink the destroyer Niizuki, and the Battle of Kolombangara where she helped to sink the light cruiser Jintsū but was crippled by a torpedo which blew off her bow. She then bombarded shores during the Battle of Peleliu. She was taken out of action by serious torpedo damage just before the Battle of Leyte Gulf. She was repaired, but not in time to rejoin the war. She was decommissioned in 1947 and was held in reserve until she was scrapped in 1959. (Wikipedia)

(USN Photo)

Four U.S. Navy Curtiss SOC-3 Seagull scout-observation floatplanes, from the light cruiser USS Honolulu (CL-48) fly in formation, circa 1938-39. They are part of Cruiser Scouting Squadron 9 (VCS-9). The planes’ BuNos are (from left to right): unidentified; 1073; 1175 (a SON-1 variant of the SOC-3); and 1087.

(USN Photo)

USS Honolulu (CL-48) at anchor in the Pacific. Her camouflage is Measure 32, Design 2c.

(USN Photo)

USS Honolulu (CL-48) underway in the Pacific. Her camouflage is Measure 32, Design 2c.

USS St. Louis (CL-49)

USS Helena (CL-50)

Second London Naval Treaty

The 1936 Second London Naval Treaty would also influence the Navy’s light cruiser program. It imposed limits that resulted in the smaller displacement Atlanta class with a 5-inch (127 mm) dual purpose rapid fire main gun battery, the first such ship in the Navy. (Wikipedia)

Atlanta class

(CL-51) Atlanta (1941) – WW2: 5 battle stars, scuttled after torpedo damage 13 November 1942.
(CL-52) Juneau (1942) – WW2: 4 battle stars, sunk by torpedoes 13 November 1942, 687 killed.
(CL-53) San Diego (1942) – WW2: 18 battle stars.
(CL-54) San Juan (1942) – WW2: 13 battle stars.

USS Atlanta (CL-51)

USS Juneau (CL-52)

USS San Diego (CL-53)

USS San Juan (CL-54)

Cruiser-Destroyer (CLD)

Parallel to the Atlanta design was an abortive attempt to design a super-Atlanta known as the Cruiser-Destroyer, or CLD. The “ship characteristics” resulting from this study would be almost identical to that of the later CL-154 design. CLD did not become an official hull classification symbol. (Wikipedia)

Early Second World War

When the United States entered the Second World War it had three major classes of cruisers under construction: the Atlanta and Cleveland light cruiser classes (with 5-inch and 6-inch main batteries, respectively), and the Baltimore-class of heavy cruisers. The Cleveland-class was an improvement of the Brooklyn design, while the Baltimore-class was an improved Wichita. These ships would form the bulk of the cruiser war construction effort, with eight Atlanta-class, twenty-seven Cleveland-class, and fourteen Baltimore-class cruisers ultimately completed. Early in the war nine Cleveland hulls would be diverted for conversion into Independence class light aircraft carriers (CVLs). By the end of the war three Cleveland hulls would be canceled, and one incomplete hull would later be converted to a guided missile cruiser. (Wikipedia)

Cleveland class

(CL-55) Cleveland (1942) – WW2: 13 battle stars.
(CL-56) Columbia (1942) – WW2: 10 battle stars.
(CL-57) Montpelier (1942) – WW2: 13 battle stars.
(CL-58) Denver (1942) – WW2: 11 battle stars.
(CL-59) Amsterdam (completed as Independence (CVL-22)).
(CL-60) Santa Fe (1942) – WW2: 13 battle stars.
(CL-61) Tallahassee (completed as Princeton (CVL-23)).
(CL-62) Birmingham (1943) – WW2: 8 battle stars.
(CL-63) Mobile (1943) – WW2: 11 battle stars.
(CL-64) Vincennes (ex-Flint) (1944) – WW2: 6 battle stars.
(CL-65) Pasadena (1944) – WW2: 5 battle stars.
(CL-66) Springfield (1944) – WW2: 2 battle stars, later converted to CLG-7.
(CL-67) Topeka (1944) – WW2: 2 battle stars, later converted to CLG-8.

Baltimore class

(CA-68) Baltimore (1943) – WW2: 9 battle stars.
(CA-69) Boston (1943) – WW2: 10 battle stars, later converted to CAG-1.
(CA-70) Canberra (ex-Pittsburgh) (1943) – WW2: 7 battle stars, later converted to CAG-2.
(CA-71) Quincy (ex-St Paul) (1943) – WW2: 5 battle stars.
(CA-72) Pittsburgh (ex-Albany) (1944) – WW2: 2 battle stars.
(CA-73) St. Paul (1945) – WW2: 1 battle star, Korea: 8 stars, Vietnam: 9 stars.
(CA-74) Columbus (1945) – later converted to CG-12.
(CA-75) Helena (ex-Des Moines) (1945) – WW2: 4 battle stars.

Cleveland class

(CL-76) New Haven (completed as Belleau Wood (CVL-24)).
(CL-77) Huntington (completed as Cowpens (CVL-25)).
(CL-78) Dayton (completed as Monterey (CVL-26)).
(CL-79) Wilmington (completed as Cabot (CVL-28)).
(CL-80) Biloxi (1943) – WW2: 9 battle stars.
(CL-81) Houston (ex-Vicksburg) (1943) – WW2: 3 battle stars.
(CL-82) Providence (1945) – later converted to CLG-6.
(CL-83) Manchester (1946) – Korea: 9 battle stars.
(CL-84) Buffalo – canceled.
(CL-85) Fargo (completed as Langley (CVL-27)).
(CL-86) Vicksburg (1944) – WW2: 2 battle stars.
(CL-87) Duluth (1944) – WW2: 2 battle stars.
(CL-88) Newark – canceled.
(CL-89) Miami (1943) – WW2: 6 battle stars.
(CL-90) Astoria (ex-Wilkes-Barre) (1944) – WW2: 5 battle stars.
(CL-91) Oklahoma City (1944) – WW2: 2 battle stars, later converted to CLG-5.
(CL-92) Little Rock (1945) – later converted to CLG-4.
(CL-93) Galveston (completed as CLG-3).
(CL-94) Youngstown – canceled after construction started.

Atlanta class (Oakland subclass)

(CL-95) Oakland (1943) – WW2: 9 battle stars.
(CL-96) Reno (1943) – WW2: 3 battle stars.
(CL-97) Flint (1944) – WW2: 4 battle stars.
(CL-98) Tucson (1945) – WW2: 1 battle star.

Cleveland class

(CL-99) Buffalo (completed as Bataan (CVL-29)),
(CL-100) Newark (completed as San Jacinto (CVL-30)).
(CL-101) Amsterdam (1945) – WW2: 1 battle star.
(CL-102) Portsmouth (1945).
(CL-103) Wilkes-Barre (1944) – WW2: 4 battle stars.
(CL-104) Atlanta (1944) – WW2: 2 battle stars, later IX-304.
(CL-105) Dayton (1945) – WW2: 1 battle star.

Late Second World War

As the Navy gained experience with Second World War combat conditions, it was decided that the Atlanta, Cleveland, and Baltimore classes needed improvement. However, major improvements would cause unacceptable delays in the construction programs. A new generation of cruisers with minor improvements would consist of the Juneau and Fargo classes of light cruisers (respectively 5-inch and 6-inch main batteries), and the Oregon City-class of heavy cruisers. The major noticeable difference would be that the Fargo and the Oregon City classes would have their engine exhausts trunked into a single funnel to aid anti-aircraft fire. Due to the near-total destruction of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the number of the ships of this generation to be completed as gun cruisers would be small: three Juneau-class, two Fargo-class, and three Oregon City-class cruisers. A fourth Oregon City-class cruiser would be completed postwar as a command cruiser. Seventeen hulls from among the three classes were canceled. (Wikipedia)

Late in the war the Baltimore-class would also serve as the basis of the two Saipan class light aircraft carriers (CVLs).

Fargo class

(CL-106) Fargo (1945).
(CL-107) Huntington (1946).
(CL-108) Newark – canceled after construction started.
(CL-109) New Haven – canceled after construction started.
(CL-110) Buffalo – canceled after construction started.
(CL-111) Wilmington – canceled after construction started.
(CL-112) Vallejo – canceled.
(CL-113) Helena – canceled.
(CL-114) Roanoke – canceled.
(CL-115) – canceled unnamed.
(CL-116) Tallahassee – canceled after construction started.
(CL-117) Cheyenne – canceled after construction started.
(CL-118) Chattanooga – canceled after construction started.

Juneau class

(CL-119) Juneau (1946).
(CL-120) Spokane (1946).
(CL-121) Fresno (1946).

Oregon City class

(CA-122) Oregon City (1946).
(CA-123) Albany (1946) – later converted to CG-10.
(CA-124) Rochester (1946) – Korea: 6 battle stars.
(CA-125) Northampton (completed as CLC-1)
(CA-126) Cambridge – canceled after construction started.
(CA-127) Bridgeport – canceled after construction started.
(CA-128) Kansas City – canceled after construction started.
(CA-129) Tulsa – canceled.

Baltimore class

(CA-130) Bremerton (1945) – Korea: 2 battle stars.
(CA-131) Fall River (1945) – Operation Crossroads nuclear test participant.
(CA-132) Macon (1945).
(CA-133) Toledo (1946) – Korea: 5 battle stars.

Post-Second World War

The Navy agreed in the waning days of the war to construct a small number of cruisers for the purpose of operationally testing new gun designs and other major improvements incorporating the lessons learned of World War II combat: the ‘CL-154’ and Worcester classes of light cruisers (respectively 5-inch and 6-inch main batteries), and the Des Moines-class of heavy cruisers. Initially the Navy wanted at least one squadron of six ships of each class, but in the end only two Worcester-class and three Des Moines-class cruisers would be completed, and the CL-154 class would be cancelled in its entirety. A total of seventeen hulls from among the three planned classes would be canceled. (Wikipedia)

Des Moines class

(CA-134) Des Moines (1948).

Baltimore class

(CA-135) Los Angeles (1945) – WW2: 1 battle star, Korea: 5 stars.
(CA-136) Chicago (1945) – WW2: 1 battle star, later converted to CG-11.

Oregon City class

(CA-137) Norfolk – canceled after construction started.
(CA-138) Scranton – canceled after construction started.

Des Moines class

(CA-139) Salem (1949), museum ship.
(CA-140) Dallas – canceled after construction started.
CA-141 to 143 – canceled unnamed.

Worcester class

(CL-144) Worcester (1948) – Korea: 2 battle stars.
(CL-145) Roanoke (1949).
(CL-146) Vallejo – canceled after construction started.
(CL-147) Gary – canceled after construction started.

Des Moines class

(CA-148) Newport News (1949) – Vietnam: 3 battle stars.
(CA-149) – canceled unnamed.
(CA-150) Dallas – canceled.
CA-151 to 153 – canceled unnamed.

CL-154 class

CL-154 to 159 – canceled unnamed.

The last ship to be assigned a hull number in the Heavy and Light Cruiser sequence would be the 1950s era nuclear powered Long Beach, though this ship would be assigned another number and designation under the guided missile cruiser hull classification before launch.

Long Beach class

(CLGN/CGN-160) Long Beach, completed as CGN-9 (1961)